The Fiat AtlasCrypto → fiat · field atlas

Comparison

Bank account vs CASP balance

Start with the legal product and the entity, not with the app that displays the balance.

Sheet
038
Section
Compare
Instrument
Binary orrery
Edition
12 · XI · 2026

Banking, electronic money and crypto-asset services are different legal activities. One customer journey can involve several entities and regimes. A permission for one activity should not be treated as permission for another. [EUR-Lex]

Editorial comparison framework
ProductIdentify the actual deposit or payment productIdentify custody, trading or cash-balance terms
Permission checkRelevant banking or payments authorityMiCA service scope and entity
Evidence of completionAccount-level credit and availabilityMay be an intermediate balance, not a bank credit

Read the contract before the interface

Identify the counterparty named in each agreement: bank account, payment service, crypto custody and conversion. A group can use a common brand while allocating these services to different legal entities. The operating file should retain that separation. Match the account or asset balance to its contract and identify the relevant complaints and escalation process.

Do not generalise protection

The fact that a product is regulated does not mean every balance has the same legal treatment or compensation arrangements. Check the actual deposit, e-money or crypto-asset claim. Do not advertise a crypto balance as a protected bank deposit simply because a banking partner participates in the route. The exact protections must be verified from the applicable product and regime.

Build a role ledger

Use one row per entity and service. Record the source of its permission, the contract version, the role it performs, the assets or funds it holds, and the event that ends its responsibility. This is an editorial due-diligence method, not a certified classification. Resolve inconsistencies before funding rather than assuming that a licence elsewhere in the group covers them.

Method, assumptions and limits

Regulatory facts are linked to primary sources. Suggested workflows are our editorial synthesis; examples and fee scenarios are hypothetical. The mechanical illustration is a conceptual navigation aid, not a prescribed legal funds flow.

This is a dated research edition, not an automatically updated register or live price feed. Check the applicable entity, service, jurisdiction and source version before using the material.

Read the methodology

Sources & scope

Research snapshot: 12 November 2026. The dated rule, its scope and the legal entity matter. Open the primary source before acting.

  1. EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 — Markets in Crypto-AssetsEU legislation
  2. ESMA: MiCA implementation and the central registerRegulator register and guidance
  3. ESMA: MiCA Article 48 — e-money token issuersInteractive legal rulebook

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